Борис Иванишвили — Boris Iwanischwili (Boris Ivanishvili)
Abb.: Борис Иванишвили — Boris Iwanischwili
[Bildquelle:
http://www.compromat.ru/main/ivanishvili/nedumal.htm. -- Zugriff am 2005-12-15]
"07 November, 2005
The quiet oligarch
It was a dramatic end to a meteoric rise. Mr Ivanishvili [Борис Иванишвили] is one of Russia’s lowest-profile oligarchs who grew rich during the era of president Boris Yeltsin [Борис Николаевич Ельцин]. He is RKB’s [Российский кредит, Rossisky Kredit Bank] majority shareholder along with his partner Vitaly Malkin [Виталы Малкин], who holds a minority share in the bank but was its public face.
The two men were academics and met in the 1980s at the state railway institute, where Mr Ivanishvili was studying for a post-graduate degree in physics and Mr Malkin was a PhD candidate in Latin. As perestroika [Перестро́йка] rolled back the state controls, they made their first fortune importing cheap computers and video recorders from China. With hard currency in their pockets, their next venture was to found five banks in the early 1990s selling dollars in the midst of hyperinflation.
“You could make extraordinary profits from the wholesale of hard currency in those days. If you could get hold of banknotes and deliver them to cash offices then you could earn 20% a day. The people were not hungry, but they were trying to protect their life savings by buying dollars and holding on to them,” says Mr Eropkin.
By the middle of the 1990s, Mr Ivanishvili was a multimillionaire and began snapping up privatisation vouchers as Russia’s industrial jewels were put under the gavel by a cash-strapped state. He shied away from the politically-charged scrum over the oil and metal companies, preferring to buy up the biggest iron ore mines, known as GOKs [ГОК] in Russian, which have only recently come into their own.
RKB was on the verge of moving into the big league in the months before the crisis. Mr Malkin was invited to Mr Yeltsin’s [Борис Николаевич Ельцин] so-called oligarch meetings in the months leading up to devaluation, as the sick president called on Russia’s captains of industry to bail out the state. But it was too little, too late. After the collapse of the currency, both Mr Ivanishvili and Mr Malkin dropped off the radar until last year.
Sticking it back together
In the winter of 1998, the government began to pick up the pieces. A law on restructuring banks was passed and state agency ARCO [Agency for Restructuring Credit Institutions, Агентства по реструктуризации кредитных организаций (АРКО)] was set up to organise it. Most of the big banks went belly up but RKB was one of the few that was placed in ARCO’s care. Mr Ivanishvili offered to put his industrial holding into the pot and hired KPMG to thrash out a realistic restructuring plan.
RKB had $2bn of liabilities on its balance sheet when it closed its doors, but no cash. The international creditors accepted a $1bn restructuring deal but insisted on a 10% down payment.
“Ivanishvili was forced to sell his biggest and best iron ore mine, Lebedansky GOK, which fetched a mere $50m. Compare this with the sale of Mikhailovsky GOK last year [the second biggest iron ore mine and also part of the group], which was the deal of the year and raised over $1bn,” says Mr Eropkin, who negotiated the agreement with the creditors.
As Russia’s economy began to grow strongly in 2000, the task became easier. Depositors were paid off two years ago and the bank has been meeting scheduled payments on the rest.
Back in black
Mr Ivanishvili is bucking the trend: while the other oligarchs are consolidating their industrial holdings and expanding overseas, he has changed tack and is in the process of dumping his industrial holdings in favour of finance. He has invested about $3bn from recent assets sales into the Russian blue-chip utilities company United Energy Systems, oil major Lukoil [ЛУКОЙЛ]and gas monopoly Gazprom [Газпром] through his financial holding company Unicor [УНИКОР] (formerly Metaloinvest).
Last year, he hired London-based Daiwa Securities to look at the Russian banking sector and decide if there was a future for a medium-sized Russian bank in the market. They decided there was. Mr Ivanishvili has begun to build up RKB [Российский кредит, Rossisky Kredit Bank] and at the start of this year he pumped another $25m into the capital of Impexbank [Импэксбанк], which targets retail and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
Abb.: Kreditkarten der Impexbank
[Bildquelle:
http://www.impexbank.ru/rus/services/priva...cards/index.wbp. -- Zugriff am 2005-12-15]
Impexbank survived the 1998 crisis and is now flourishing by going into 43 of the more sparsely serviced Russian regions, which now account for 80% of its loan portfolio. Impexbank chairman Pavel Lysenko says profits from the regional business are so high that capital invested to open regional offices can be earned back in less than 18 months. The bank already ranks 12th in terms of household deposits and sixth in terms of SME loans.
“There is enough for everyone. Despite the 1300-odd licensed banks, Russia is actually under-banked. The nominal rates of loans are high and still we are growing very fast. We finished 2004 with $87m in retail loans. Now we have $270m [by the middle of 2005] and the forecast for the end of this year is $500m,” says Mr Lysenko.
“The ratio of household deposits to GDP in Russia is less than 20%. Even in Serbia it is 40% and in countries like Hungary and Poland, it is 80%-90%. We have a lot of potential.”
[Quelle:
http://www.thebanker.com/news/fullstory.ph...surrection.html. -- Zugriff am 2005-12-15]
Beteiligungen von Boris Iwanischwili im Jahr 2001 (Angaben der Weltbank):
Type: Private owner
Total sales of all controlled enterprises in 2001: 7 614 620 thousand rub.
Total employment of all controlled enterprises in 2001: 18 924
Member of group: Gindin/Ivanishvili
Ivanishvili Boris
ERKA-F (45%)
Otechestvennye Lekarstva, OJSC (100%)
Krasfarma (Krasnoyarsk), OJSC (100%)
Novosibkhimfarm (Novosibirsk), OJSC (100%)
Shchyolkovsky Vitamin Plant (Moscow), OJSC (100%)
Metalloinvest (50%)
Erkofarm (100%)
Impexbank (100%)
Kauchuk Plast (0%)
Lipecky metallurgical plant "Svobodny sokol" (40%)
Mihailovsky FOEP (100%)
Zheleznogorskiy Kirpichniiy Zavod (100%)
Moscow metallurgical plant "Serp i molot" (40%)
Moskovsciy zavod "Fizpribor" (100%)
Ospaz (100%)
Ospaz-instrument (100%)
Ospaz-Krepezh (100%)
Ospaz-Metollokard (100%)
Ospaz-Pres (100%)
Ospaz-Snab (100%)
Ospaz-Stal-Kanat (100%)
Ospaz-Steklo (100%)
Trubostal (100%)
Rti-Kauchuk (100%)
Rumo (40%)
Stoilensky FOEP (75%)
Pererabativauchiy komplex "Stoilenskiy" (100%)
Bread kombinat "Starooskolskiy" (100%)
Tulachermet (15%)
464 kombinat nerudoiskopaemih (33%)
Barsukovskoe rudoupravlenie (33%)
Chermetholding (33%)
Stroimateriali-Tularchermet (33%)
Tulskiy zavod stroimaterialov (0%)
Uralsky Zavod Reziniovih Technicheskih iazlekiy (50%)
Rossiysky Kredit (50%)
[Quelle:
http://ns.worldbank.org.ru/cem/eng/tree.asp?id=1217. -- Zugriff am 2005-12-15]
უბრალოდ რა ჩვენი საქმეა მაგრამ ეს ინფო არ არის გრიფით საიდუმლო
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