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წევრი No.: 141474
რეგისტრ.: 12-January 12
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#61092141 · 17 Mar 2024, 16:26 · · პროფილი · პირადი მიმოწერა · ჩატი
Saturn
დავიდ ვილია
გამოვტოვე რამე?
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| QUOTE | ბიჭური, მთავარი განსხვავება რუსეთსა და ირან/ერაყს შორის ისაა, რომ ირან/ერაყელი ქალისგან განსხვავებით, რუსი ქალი ემანსიპირებულია. მილიონობით რუსმა ქალმა დატოვა რუსეთი ომის დაწყების შემდეგ, რაც ნიშნავს მილიონობით არდაბადებულ ბავშვს. ამ რუსი ქალების უდიდესი ნაწილი საერთოდ რუსეთში არ დაბრუნდება არასოდეს.
ირანსა და ერაყს შორის ომი რო დაიწყო, მილიონობით ირან/ერაყელ ქალებს არ დაუტოვებიათ თავიანთი ქვეყანა. უბრალოდ არავინ მათ არსად არ გაუშვებდა. ანუ რუსი ქალები რო დაგრიალობენ ეხლა მთელს მსოფლიოში და საქმროებს ეძებენ, ირანელი და ერაყელი ქალები იჯდენ თავიანთ სახლებში ომის დროს და ელოდებოდნენ თავიანთ ქმრებს. ომი რო დასრულდა, ჩვეულებისამებრ განაგრძეს ბავშვების გაჩენა.
- ნებისმიერი ერის დემოგრაფიისთვის გადამწყვეტი მნიშვნელობა აქვს ქალების რაოდენობას ქვეყანაში. ანუ, ომის დროს რომც დაიღუპოს ბევრი მამაკაცი, ეს სართოდ არაა ტრაგედია დემოგრაფიისთვის, რადგან მცირე რაოდენობის მამაკაცს თავისუფლად შეუძლია გაანაყოფიეროს უამრავი ქალი. აი ქალებმა თუ დატოვეს ქვეყანა მასობრივად, ეს უკვე კატასტროფაა დემოგრაფიისთვის. |
ეხლა ეს ნახეთ:
ეს ყველაფერი 24 თებერვლამდე ხდებოდა
ეხლა რა მდგომარეობა იქნება ხო წარმოგიდგენიათ?!
International and Internal Migration
The majority of migrant workers in Russia are irregular migrants who are particularly vulnerable to modern slavery. The collapse of the Soviet Union has led many people from the Central Asian Republics to move to Russia in search of opportunities and employment. Every year about 10-12 million workers enter Russia. The geographical position of the Russian Federation, between the European Union and some countries with a high rate of migration, as well as visa-free entry into most countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the existence of some “permeable” parts of the Russian border, facilitate a high rate of irregular migration within the CIS.
According to IOM estimates, Russia has for many years held second place for the number of foreigners in the country after the United States. It is the second country in Europe, after Germany, for the number of migrants. According to the OECD, Russia has the highest number of illegal migrants, representing almost 7% of the country’s population. The percentage of legal migrant workers residing in Russia is 2.5% of the population. Over the past 20 years, migrant workers have become an indispensable component of Russian city life. Most of the migrants from Central Asia work in the construction sector; others are employed in commercial enterprises, service companies and agriculture. According to IOM data, 11.6 million migrants entered Russia in 2019, most of them migrant workers from neighbouring countries and countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States.
According to statistical reports, there are 228,990 refugees in Russia. In 2019, Russia received 98,000 immigrants, almost double the number it received the previous year (57,000). These numbers were the highest in 10 years. The largest inflows are from Armenia and Ukraine, while arrivals from Belarus and Moldova are decreasing. Most migrant workers (97%) come from CIS countries. It is important to highlight that the percentage of those with residence permit has decreased somewhat from 69% in 2018 to 64% in 2019. The destinations that attract the most migrants are Moscow, St. Petersburg, Krasnodar and Sochi.
In Russia, Syrian refugees reside mainly in the North Caucasus. In many cases, they are of Circassian origin, a people originally from the Caucasus, who settled in Syria after the diaspora in the second half of the 19th century. Syrians living in Russia can be divided into two groups: 1) those who arrived before the recent conflict but were unable to return because of military operations and 2) those who arrived during the conflict. Most of the latter are families of Syrian migrant workers who reunited with relatives in Russia after the outbreak of the military conflict. In recent years, according to the NGO Grajdanskoe Sodejstvie, which provides assistance to refugees and migrants in Russia, 2,585 people from Syria have requested refugee status but only two of them received it. Finally, between 2009 and 2016, according to estimates by the Federal Office of Immigration, 293,652 non-citizens applied for refugee status or temporary asylum. Most of the applicants were refugees from Afghanistan (6,742), followed by Georgia (6,557), Syria (5,124) and especially Ukraine(271,319 people).
Emigration and skilled migration
The Russian Federation is one of the leading countries of departure as well as arrival of migrants. It is one of the main centres of immigration and, at the same time, it is also a country with ever-increasing emigration. Climate change and social factors drive emigration from Russia. According to ROSSTAT figures for 2018, the population in the regions of Eastern Russia, Siberia, the Urals and the Volga decreased due to climate, economic and social factors., At the same time, population has increased in the central, north-western, southern and north Caucasus regions. As a result, there is a progressively increasing population concentration in the western part of Russia. Overall, the number of people who have decided to leave the country has remained stable in recent years.
The phenomenon of “human capital” emigration is significant. The most popular destinations for this type of emigration include Canada, Finland, Germany, Austria, Sweden, France, France and the United States. About 10% of Russian university students stay abroad; moreover, 40% of young people would like to emigrate. The collection of accurate data on emigration is also a challenge. Many migrants do not declare their destination and are therefore not counted. Studies suggest that the number of people who actually left Russia between 2011 and 2017 is 9 times higher than that stated by official statistics.
Asylum seekers from the Russian Federation have doubled in recent years. In 2017 alone, according to the UNHCR report, new applications increased from 3,200 (in 2016) to almost 15,000. Between 2013 and 2016, this figure peaked with 39,800 registered asylum applications. Most asylum seekers turn to Germany (14,900) and Poland (11,900), accounting for two-thirds of all asylum applications from the Russian Federation. France registered 4,600 applications in 2013, a slight decrease compared to 2012. Other countries that received applications include Austria (2,800), Sweden (1,000) and Denmark (980). Overall, asylum applications from the Russian Federation make up 7% of all applications registered in the 44 industrialised countries studied in the UNHCR report.
Forced Migration (internally displaced, asylum seekers and refugees)
After the break-up of the Soviet Union, people of Asian origin (mostly from China, Vietnam, North Korea and Central Asia) provided the bulk of Russia’s immigrant labour force. In 2019, about 5 million citizens from Central Asian countries were living in Russia. There are relatively few highly skilled foreign workers in Russia, and most of them come from countries whose citizens need visas to enter Russia. These workers can obtain special residence permits and reunite with their families. Unskilled workers, mainly in the trade and construction sectors, account for about 32% of all labour migration. According to forecasts by Russian demographers, the country will have to attract 20 million migrants by 2024 in order to maintain the current number of people of working age.
The Russian economic crisis that started in 2008 and continued in 2014 with economic sanctions by the European Union and the United States has made life more difficult for migrants. A double depreciation of the rouble against major world currencies has led to a reduction in the number of migrants being received and a reduction in the demand for labour in general. The number of migrant workers has decreased by at least one third for countries of origin such as Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Moldova, which have seen a decrease of more than 50% in the number of their citizens in Russia. New regulations introduced in 2015 have made it more difficult and expensive for migrants to access the labour market in Russia. All potential workers are now required to pass a Russian language and history test, undergo a medical examination and purchase health insurance.
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რუსეთ - უკრაინის ომი, თემა N96
