Tornike Alashvili თორნიკე, ამასაც რომ თავი გავანებოთ აპელირებენ რა ზოგადად დასავლურ და ამერიკულ მედიცინაზე,, აქ "გვსაყვედურობენ", რომ ის რასაც რუსულ სამედიცინო პერიოდიკაში წერენ ამ "შაელატანურ" სისულელებზე და "შამანიზმებზე" არ ითვლება! ....მოდით ახლა ცოტაც თვალი გადავავლოთ დასავლელ და ამერიკელ "შამანისტებს":
მაგ:
American Journal of Acupuncture
Volume 27, No. 3 & 4 (1999)
The Use of Acupuncture-Like Electrical Stimulation for Wound Healing of Lesions Unresponsive to Conventional Treatment
H. Sumano, G. Mateos
The Systems, Holograms and Theory of Micro-Acupuncture
R.A. Dale
Understanding Acute Disharmonies of the Channel Sinews
S. Rodger-Withers
Use of Noninvasive Electroacupuncture for the Treatment of HIV-related Peripheral Neuropathy: A Plot Study
ახლა მარტო ლინკების დაგუგვლაში რომ არ დამდონ ბრალი, ჩემის აზრით საინტერესო ასეთ დასავლურ წყაროსაც დავდებ, თუმცა ეჭვი მეპარება რომ ოპონენტებმა ეს წაიკითხონ...რადგან ჩვენი "ალმა-მატერის" უჩებნიკებში არ ისწავლება...თუმცა თუ არ წაიკითხავენ, ცოტას ხომ გამხიარულდებიან მაინც...
თუ ამ წყაროებს აც არ ენდობიან, ჩემი კომენტარი და ახსნა განმარტება აბსოლიტურად ზედმეტად მიმაჩნია.
A NEW VERSION OF PULSE DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUE
Mikhail Teppone, Romen Avagyan
A new version of pulse diagnostic technique applies same relations between pulse points and Organs. But doctor monitors changing the patient's feelings during palpation of the pulse. For example, patient has headache and pain at the hypochondriac region: During palpation of the superficial and deep pulses at the Guan position on the left hand the aggravation of the symptoms is observed. It means, that there is Excess of the Element "Wood" including Excess of Liver and Gallbladder. If in this case pain is released by palpation of the deep pulse at the Cun position of the right hand, it means, that additionally there is Deficiency of the Lung. If pain is aggravated by palpation of the superficial pulse at the Guan position on the left hand, but released by palpation of the deep pulse at the same position, it means, that there is Excess of the Gallbladder and Deficiency of the Liver, etc. In other words, during palpation of the pulse point correlated to the Organ/Channel with the Excess, patient may have aggravation of the symptoms or changing his condition to worse. But if there is Deficiency of the correlated Organ/Channel, palpation of the certain pulse point is accompanied by release from the initial symptoms or changing patient's condition to be better. Changing the patient's condition during palpation of the pulse let one to conclude that pulse points belong to the diagnostic-curative micro-system like ear, nose, palm, etc.
Extremely High Frequency (EHF) - Puncture is a new method of treatment which is based on different biological effects of low power (non-thermal) level electromagnetic radiation of millimeter band and acupuncture theory of TCM. It is noninvasive, painless and effective method to influence upon Acupoints.
One of the most important peculiarities of the EHF-Puncture is its possibility without needle manipulation to stimulate various kind of specific sensations (phenomenon De Qi) not at the place of influence, but at the place of Qi disorders.
EHF-Puncture can be applied to treat different diseases by means of influence on the pulse points. The wave-guide should be located on the necessary position of the radial artery and then patient's sensory reactions (phenomenon De Qi) are observed. The specific feelings appearing during influence upon pulse points give possibility to individualize the duration of treatment: reinforcing (1-3 min.) or reducing (15-30 min.) methods.
Actually there is no difference between application of EHF-Puncture on the pulse points or Acupoints of any other microsystems (Palm, Sole, Ear, etc.).
Medical Acupuncture
A Journal For Physicians By Physicians
Volume 13 / Number 1
"Aurum Nostrum Non Est Aurum Vulgi"
Table of Contents On-line Journal Index
Electrophysiology
And The Acupuncture Systems
Darren Starwynn, OMD
ABSTRACT
There have been extensive efforts in recent decades to correlate the principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with Western medical science. The most promising bridge between these 2 paradigms has been in the field of bioelectromagnetism (BEM), the study of the subtle electromagnetic fields that are the underpinning of life processes. Most of the significant research in this field comes from Europe, and much of it has not been readily available in the United States. This article is an overview of research in this field, with a focus on understanding acupuncture needling, meridians, life-force, and acupoints from the perspective of BEM.
KEY WORDS
Bioelectromagnetics, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Electromagnetic, Resonance, Quantum Physics, Potentials, Polarity, Conductivity, Capacitance, Ion, Microcurrent, Nordenstrom, Semi-conduction, Piezoelectricity, Manaka, Fascia
INTRODUCTION
During the long history of traditional Chinese acupuncture, the results of needling acupoints have been described both clinically and theoretically. The concepts of Qi, Blood, meridians, and acupoints are integral to the understanding and application of TCM. Since its introduction into Western culture, there have been many experiments and writings to attempt to explain these concepts in Western scientific terms. Many early explanations were shallow and simplistic, for example, that acupuncture is simply a primitive way of describing stimulation of the nervous system, or that it is only placebo treatment.
There have been a growing number of insightful researchers who have penetrated much further into the common truth between TCM and Western science, and their paths have led into the realms of electromagnetics and quantum physics.
Bioelectromagnetics (BEM)1 is a term used for the study of the relationships between electromagnetics and living systems. An account of the history of research into this field in recent centuries can be found in the book The Body Electric.2 This article summarizes some of the most valuable and practical findings to date.
Electromagnetic Fields and Life
In the early 20th century, there was a rush to embrace biochemical explanations for disease and healing as the modern pharmaceutical industry emerged with many impressive successes. Medical treatment became largely based on drug therapies and surgical interventions, and the 19th-century boom of interest in electromagnetic healing methods was largely lost. In the midst of this, a few notable scientists published important discoveries in the field of BEM. Lakhovsky wrote a valuable book in the 1920s in which he explained many interrelationships between high-frequency electromagnetic fields, including cosmic radiations and living things.3 In the book's introduction, he writes:
What is life? It is the dynamic equilibrium of all cells, the harmony of multiple radiations which react upon one another. What is disease? It is the oscillatory disequilibrium of cells, originating from external causes.
Lakhovsky explained how living things interrelate by receiving and giving off electromagnetic radiations. The radiatory energies of living cells described by Lakhovsky make direct energetic communication between life forms possible. The Russian scientist Pressman summed up 3 effects of such fields: they allow living things to sense information about the environment; they faciliate organization and control within the organism; and they are used for communication between living things.4
Biophotons is the term Popp used to describe the energy communication medium between life forms, and explained how they regulate many physiological functions, including growth, maturation, cell differentiation, enzymatic activity, and the immune system.5 Del Giudice published an article in which he expounded on a model of resonance and interaction between systems of particles bonded by electromagnetic fields, in which the particles move harmoniously through field effects.6
Indeed, such particle communication has been demonstrated in the study of quantum physics. A basic principle of this science is that all parts of the universe are connected to, and in communication with, all other parts. This communication is instantaneous and freely available to those entities that can perceive it. Quantum theory was first advanced by Planck at the end of the 19th century, and was further refined by Bohr. Bohr, who coined the term quantum leap in reference to the ability of electrons to instantaneously jump to different orbits through absorbing and dispersing energy, demonstrated that such movement happens at velocities faster than the speed of light.7 Quantum physics has been described as a field of study in which modern scientific inquiry and measurements meet intuitive spiritual principles. Indeed, the concept of a universal data bank from quantum physics parallels the esoteric concept of the Akashic Records, which holds timeless records of all thoughts, words, and events in history. The principle of the interrelatedness of all waves and particles in the universe correlates with what has been described as God, Universal Mind, or Spirit.
The ancient Chinese descriptions of Qi and its pathways and accumulations in the body closely correlate with what is being discovered about subtle electromagnetic activity in life forms. We can understand that energy exists in a continuum of power, subtlety, and expression from cosmic source to the dense physical plane. The human organism is
influenced by many levels of this continuum, from spiritual energies of unimaginable subtlety to those grossly apparent to our senses, such as the "evils" of excessive cold, wind, and heat spoken of by the ancient Chinese. The acupuncture systems are largely based on electromagnetic energies, which exist somewhere between these levels according to evidence provided by the researchers quoted herein.
One of the first questions to consider is: What is the source of the energies the body processes through the acupuncture systems? A basic truth is that all living organisms are energy-producing systems, even those that appear parasitic. All organisms are dependent on outside sources of energy as well, such as from food, air, and the sun. In the human body, energy is produced on the cellular level by the Krebs or citric acid cycle, from the lung-heart connection, and the transformation of nutritive substances by the organs. According to TCM, the 2 organs most responsible for production of energy are the Lungs and Spleen (Tai Yin). The Triple Warmer function is the regulator of metabolism of the upper, middle, and lower areas of the body. German acupuncturists have correlated the Triple Warmer to the endocrine system, which regulates metabolism and other life processes through hormonal control.
The energies produced by the body generate an electrical field in and around the body. This field is analogous to the aura described by clairvoyants, or the field of Qi as described by Qi Gong practitioners. According to such practitioners, disturbances or blocks in the body's energy production and flow form dark or collapsed areas in the body's field. Using potentiometric measurements of the body's electrical potentials, Schuldt determined that the meridian system follows lines of condensation of the field force created by the body.8 Becker stated that this field is inhomogenous and is determined by the underlying structures of the body, including tissue, fascia, muscles, bone, skin, and proximity to organs. The field is also influenced by the relationship of these structures in terms of resistance, distance, interference, capacitance, polarity, and resonance. Acupuncture acts, in part, by interconnecting charges between these lines of force in the body.9
According to Schuldt, some of the most severe physical symptoms such as acute pain, spasm, tetany, and neuropathies are caused by distortions in the body's field due to damaged viscera. He states that this is more significant in causing such symptoms than nerve injury and damage. His research shows that phantom limb pain, an example of
pain due to field distortion, could be resolved through healing of the internal organs.
Electrical Parameters of the Human Body
Much of the early research into the electrical nature of acupuncture points dealt with the differences in skin resistance between acupoints and surrounding tissues. In the early 1950s, Nakatani found that some points on the body were more conductive than others when a 12-V current was applied to the skin. He called these low-resistance spots "good electro-permeable points," or the Japanese term, ryodoraku. Since then, many researchers have developed apparatuses to measure the electrical conductivity of acupuncture points in relation to non-points.10 Krippner demonstrated that the resistance of acupoints ranged from 100-200 kV, while non-points had much higher resistances up to
1 MV. Niboyet used more sophisticated measurement devices to show that acupoints were about 50% more conductive than surrounding points, and that when electrodes were placed on points on the same meridian, electric currents passed more preferentially than if the electrodes were placed on different meridians.
Capacitance is the ability of a substance to store and gradually release electrical charge. Electronic components, i.e., capacitors, are used in most electronic equipment for this purpose. According to research by Dumitrescu,11 acupoints store charge to a greater degree than surrounding tissues and have lower resistance. He found that acupoints
have capacitance readings of 0.02 - 0.5 mF (microfarads) while non-points were measured at less than 0.01 mF.
Polarity is another vital principle in the energetic workings of the human body and acupuncture treatment. Electrical potentials, which reveal polarity, were measured in the human body by Ionescu-Tirgoviste and Pruna using electroacupuncturogram (EAG) equipment.12 In their studies, they bilaterally connected distal acupoints GB 41 and TW 3 to an EAG device, which simultaneously measured the point's electrical potentials in mV in comparison to abdominal point Ren 7, which was used as the ground. The EAG device itself did not significantly stimulate the points. These measurements were taken during various conditions, including acupuncture needle insertion, manipulation, and thermal and laser stimulation of points. The researchers found that, when the potential differences between the points was high, the patients reported energetic sensations ranging from gentle tingling to intense electrical sensations as a result of the connections. When there was little potential differences, patients felt little or nothing. In this study, the researchers observed that the distal acupoints could be positive or negative in relation to ground. They concluded that meridians exist as canals in the interstitial spaces between the structures of the body along which endogenous electrical charges propagate. Blockages in the normal flow of these currents lead to high concentrations of positive or negative electrical charges that may cause pain and other symptoms of disease.
This appears to indicate that imbalances of Yin and Yang (build-up of positive or negative ionic activity, respectively), when discharged through acupuncture stimulation, lead to the characteristic propagated sensations through the meridians and the "Te Chi" phenomenon. Te Chi is the sensation of tingling, soreness, heaviness, or throbbing that is the result of skillful needle insertion and manipulation in acupoints. It is different than the pain of hitting nerves, which is much more unpleasant. The greater the potential differences, the greater the Te Chi sensations. The meridians represent the charted "paths of least resistance" to the flow of endogenous ionic currents.
Ionescu-Tirgoviste et al offered the following chart, "Functional Particularities of the Skin Areas Used in Acupuncture:"12
Qualities of Superficial Skin Acu-Points
1. High electric potentials (up to 300 mV)
2. High electric capacitance values (0.1-1 mF)
3. Low electrical resistance
4. Increased skin respiration
5. High local temperature
6. Spontaneous visible light emission from the Jing and Yuan points
7. Sound signals at the acupuncture points (2-15 Hz, amplitude 0.5-1 mV, sharp or sine wave)
Qualities of Deep Skin Acu-Points
1. Low deep perception threshold to an electric stimulus
2. Capacitance (storage of electric charges)
3. Electro-resonance with other acupoints
4. High conductivity of isotopic tracers
From the preceding research, it can be deduced that acupuncture is probably most effective when the symptoms being treated are associated with buildup of significant ionic imbalances that can be discharged through point stimulation.
Microcurrents and the Meridian System
In my work with microcurrent electroacupuncture, I have made measurements of skin resistance before and after brief 6-second bursts of microcurrent stimulation. I have consistently observed that increases of skin electrical conductivity after such stimulation are far greater in patients with actual pathologies than in healthy people. The above study appears to corroborate this. Patients with pain and dysfunction have more of a build-up of electrical activity due to impaired circulation. A microcurrent device, in reading out changes in skin resistance, can clearly show this change.
In explanation, the old "beaver dam" analogy is useful: a free-flowing stream has an overall even energy, a device measuring its flow would not show many large fluctuations. Yet if the beavers build a dam upstream from the measuring device, the flow rate will be greatly lessened. If the dam were suddenly knocked away, the device would then detect a major rush of increased water, which would then gradually settle back to a more or less steady flow. This is what we see when taking skin resistance measurements. When treating and measuring areas on the extremities in patients with pain, with positive electrode proximal and negative electrode distal, it is common to see resistance changes between the points as much as 60% after only 6 seconds of stimulation. I have observed that such large increases in conductivity usually correlate with rapid symptomatic relief of pain and restricted range of motion. When, on the other hand, the conductivity readings do not change after stimulation, symptomatic results have often been less precise. This also supports the principle that large releases of cumulative ionic imbalances in the electrical systems of the body are associated with good clinical results.
An important medical researcher of microcurrents and acupuncture is Nordenstrom. He is best known for his development of advanced catheters used in surgery; he has also made contributions in energy medicine for cancer treatment. He postulated the meridian systems as a vascular-interstitial closed circuit.13 According to Nordenstrom, this system allows for transfer of positive or negative ionic charges over long distances in the body through the blood vessels and interstitial spaces. The system is powered by imbalances of positive and negative currents created by energy production of the organs, as well as "currents of injury" released by tissue damage and trauma. The most frequently used electrical channels form the meridians mapped out by TCM. Only direct current flows in tissues; high-frequency alternating currents, used in many clinical milliamp stimulators, are not effective for balancing the meridians systems. Therefore, microcurrents, which are gen-
erally used as a form of modulated direct current, are most useful for this purpose. High-frequency alternating currents, as used in classic interferential and other modalities, may be valuable for grosser counter-irritation effects for acute pain and possibly at high doses to destroy unhealthy tissues.
Dr Yoshio Manaka's ion-pumping cords also work on the principle of equalization of charge imbalance in the body. By using the master points of the extraordinary vessels and principal meridians for ion pumping, this balancing is directed to the deepest energy layers of the body.14
Nordenstrom's work with terminal cancer patients has been impressive. Cancer cells are more sensitive to electrical energy than healthy ones, and application of externally applied currents strongly influence those cells. He demonstrated that direct microcurrent stimulation of tumors with implanted needle electrodes significantly blocked cancer pain for long periods, and in many cases caused the tumor to regress or disappear. The positive pole of the stimulator was placed in the tumor and the negative at some distance away. Nordenstrom's explanation for this phenomenon was that perhaps the tumor would become dehydrated through electro-osmosis, which then blocked production of pain-causing substances in the tumor, such as histamine, substance-P, and bradykinin. Research in the United States with high-volt pulsed galvanic stimulators has also shown that the negative pole tends to be sclerolytic, or tissue softening, and the positive pole tissue tends to be hardening, probably associated with dehydration. Nordenstom's landmark work with cancer has not been carried forward in the United States.
Electrical Effects of Acupuncture Needling
Nordenstrom also studied the electrical effects of acupuncture needle stimulation. He made the following observations: the potential difference between the subcutis of the patient and the acupuncturist's fingers form a capacitive flow of current, eventually equalizing the charges. The charge may flow either way, depending on the relative
strength of the acupuncturist's and the patient's personal field. This confirms the importance of the practice of Qi Gong (and healthy living) by acupuncturists (to keep their personal field stronger than that of the patients). If a needle with a plastic handle is used, which insulates it from direct contact with the acupuncturist's charge, the needle will still equalize the charges between the surface and deeper layers of the patient's tissues with which it is in contact. Manipulation of the needle can also influence the flow of charge, depending on whether it is in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction, or whether lifting or thrusting is done more forcefully. Any time currents flow between metal and an electrolyte (body fluids), electrolysis creates a build-up of deposits that eventually act as an insulator. Periodic manipulation and twirling of the needles can mechanically remove this coating, facilitating good continued electrical contact.
In another study by Ionescu-Tirgoviste,15 an EAG device was connected to acupuncture needles placed in the same points as indicated in the previously quoted study. The needles were manipulated in the following classic methods: clockwise twirling, counterclockwise twirling, back-and-forth twirling, and lifting and thrusting (up and down) movement. The investigators found that the needles on the distal acupoints had a negative potential in comparison with the abdominal needle in all cases, but the degree of potential varied between -25 to -350 mV according to the needling technique and the health
of the patients. Healthy patients registered distal potentials between -150 to -250 mV, while those with diseases had potentials above or below these levels. Needle manipulation changed the potentials, with counterclockwise twirling/lifting/ thrusting increasing the potentials the most. The healthy patients recovered their basal readings soon after manipulation, while unhealthy ones recovered more slowly or not at all, indicating some kind of energetic blockade. According to TCM theory, this is probably associated with impaired Liver function because the Liver controls the spreading and circulation of Qi.
Perhaps the most detailed research into the electrical qualities of acupuncture needling has been done by Mussat, who performed many experiments to measure the precise electrical activity generated by acupuncture needles of various metallic combinations.9 His work conclusively demonstrated that acupuncture needling releases electrical energy into the body and is the original microcurrent therapy. Placing a metal needle into contact with body fluids creates a simple battery Generation of energy by such a battery is greatly increased by use of bimetallic needles, such as those with handles made of a different metal than the shaft. Bimetallic combinations that generate electrical energy when in contact with each other are known as thermocouples. Applying heat to the needle handles can greatly increase energy generation of the thermocouple.
In Mussat's early experiments, he found that acupuncture needles made of tungsten created the most powerful polarization and therapeutic effects when inserted into the body. Tungsten is used to make filaments in light bulbs because of its efficiency at converting electrical to light energy. Because these needles tended to lose their proper tip-
shaping rapidly due to brittleness, and caused excessive pain, he searched for alternatives. He experimented with needles made of the following metal combinations: tungsten-silver, special stainless steel-copper, special stainless steel-cupron (nickel-copper alloy), stainless steel-brass, stainless steel-brass with gold plating, and Chinese-made needles of stainless steel and silver.
Mussat used a microammeter, a device that measures electrical activity, to measure the charge generated between the handle and tip of the needles. He found that the combinations creating the greatest discharge into the acupuncture points were tungsten-silver, copper-stainless steel, and stainless steel-cupron with gold plating on the handles. He discovered stainless steel-cupron with gold plating on the handles to be the most efficient. Measurements of current generated by different kinds of needles ranged from 30-60 nanoamps (billionths of amps), with readings as high as 20 mA when the needles were heated with a hot flame.
Steel needles with metal handles made of metals such as copper, brass, or gold have a positive polarization of the tip in relation to the handle, i.e., the handle acts as the cathode and the tip, the anode. When the needle handle is heated to a temperature higher than the body region, it is inserted into the polarity reverses.
Mussat also measured the capacitance of bimetallic needles and found that bimetallic needles, again acting as mini-batteries, gradually discharge over time when in contact with a conductive medium (such as the human body).
Mussat also measured electrical activity along meridians. In 1 experiment, he placed 2 needles along the trajectory of a single meridian and applied a few minutes of pulsed electrical stimulation of about 1 V to the needles, with the 2 electrodes of the power source on the 2 needles. After stopping the stimulation, he measured the charge between the needles and found it to be as high as 24-30 mA. Yet if he moved either needle slightly off the meridian pathway, the readings were much lower. This appears to indicate that the meridians also store electrical charges, perhaps due to the electrical qualities of fascial connective tissue, which some Japanese researchers have identified as the physical substrate of the meridian system.
Semi-Conduction and Piezo-Electricity
Semi-conduction and piezo-electricity are 2 electrical qualities of crystalline substances that occur prolifically in the human body. Both are highly relevant to understanding the electrical qualities of the meridian system. There are 3 kinds of current conduction known to modern science: metallic conduction, ionic conduction, and semi-conduction. Metallic conduction only occurs in metal wires; ionic conduction occurs through cell membranes, but is incapable of traversing more than minute distances in the body; and semi-conduction is the only known mode of conduction outside of metal wires capable of transmitting very small currents over long distances. Semi-conduction is possible only in substances with very orderly molecular structures such as crystals. Szent-Gyorgyi was the first to point out that the molecular structures of the human body are organized enough to support semi-conduction through passing information along chains of protein molecules.2
Becker constructed many experiments to test this principle, and he concluded that energy transmission and communication of the meridian system are based on semi-conduction along the perineural glial cells that support the nervous system. These allow subtle currents to be transported over long distances without losing charge. He demonstrated that these semi-conducted currents were completely different than electrical activity of the nerves themselves. Nerves transmit high-frequency electrical action potentials, while glial cells transmit slower, direct currents of much smaller amplitude. He postulated that such
direct currents represented the more primitive aspect of our electrophysiology, which supports healing and regeneration, and acupuncture points were, in effect, weigh stations that boosted the charge along the pathways.2 Creatures with a greater preponderance of these DC systems than humans, such as lizards and salamanders, possess much
greater powers of regeneration and can regrow amputated limbs and organs. Becker suggested and demonstrated in preliminary ways that use of correctly applied subtle direct currents may someday allow humans to do similar feats.
The body's semi-conduction system as explained by Becker correlates well with the X-signal system theorized by Manaka.14 According to Manaka, this system consists of immeasurably small charges in and around the body that ultimately regulate all life processes. While the X-signals cannot be measured with currently available tools, their effects can be clearly observed through changes in pressure pain on acupoints, pulse diagnosis, and kinesiology (muscle testing). The X-signal system is exquisitely sensitive to polarity agents such as magnets, ion-pumping cords, or polarized electrical probes.
The other inherent electrical quality of the body is piezo-electricity. This is the tendency of a crystalline structure, when deformed or struck, to release an electrical charge. The forces of movement and gravity on the human and animal bodies are constantly triggering such
charges. Becker measured such activity in bone and showed that bone regeneration is turned on by endogenous charges generated by piezo-electricity. This phenomenon is not limited to bones. Matsumoto and Birch offer explanations and many research citations indicating that connective tissues of many kinds possess piezoelectric properties and literally in- terconnect every part of the body with every other part.16 Fascia can be compared with a complex, stretchy network that is constantly releasing and circulating subtle charges. Piezoelectric activity has been demonstrated in many kinds of connective tissues and blood vessels.16
These insights reveal that subtle electrical charges are being generated through piezoelectricity by all movement and the effects of gravity, and that these charges are semi-conducted over long distances in the body. This gives support to the healing and regenerative effects of Hatha yoga, deep tissue massage, Rolfing, and exercise, all of which help generate and circulate subtle energy throughout the body through stimulating piezoelectric activity, and this is clearly associated with health and well-being.
CONCLUSION
The human body generates electrical energy through organic action, cellular respiration, currents of injury, and piezoelectrical activity. These subtle currents form fields of force, the condensations of which form the charted meridian system. Researchers have placed the sub- strate of the meridians variously in the glial cells, fascial network, interstitial spaces, and blood vessels. Subtle electrical charges can migrate long distances in the body through semi-conduction, which passes tiny electrical charges through orderly molecular matrices. Variations in energy generation and currents of injury tend to form imbalances in ionic positive and negative charges in the body, which are associated with pain and disease. The therapeutic effects of acupuncture come from its ability to locally or distally discharge these potential differences, or otherwise help bring about optimal charge conditions of the body. Acupuncture points have greater electrical conductivity than surrounding tissues. Varieties of metals used together in the manufacture of acupuncture needles create thermocouple effects for stronger stimulation of acupoints. The body's energy systems are polarized, with the trunk and head tending to be more electropositive and the extremities electronegative. Electrostimulation that follows these natural polarities, and significantly increases conductivity between the electrodes, will tend to be more clinically effective. Non-needle microcurrent stimulation, especially when polarized to follow the body's natural polarization, can be a highly effective meridian-balancing method.
REFERENCES
1. Milburn M. Biomagnetics: implications for Oriental medicine and acupuncture. Am J Acupuncture. 1995;23.
2. Selden G, Becker R. The Body Electric. New York, NY: William Morrow & Co; 1987.
3. Lakhovsky G. The Secret of Life. [First published 1935]. Reprinted: Newport Beach, Calif: The Noontide Press; 1992.
4. Presman AS. Electromagnetic Fields and Life. New York, NY: Plenum
Press; 1970.
5. Popp FA, Becker B. Electromagnetic Bioinformation. 2nd ed. Vienna, Austria: Urban & Schwarzenberg; 1988.
6. Del Giudice E. Coherence in condensed and living matter. Pioneer Perspectives. 1993;3(2).
7. Royal FF. Understanding homeopathy, acupuncture and electrodiagnosis: clinical applications of quantum mechanics. Am J Acupuncture. 1990;18.
8. Schuldt H. From: paper presented at the Third International Congress of Acupuncture in Berlin; 1976.
9. Mussat M. Acupuncture Networks, Vol. II. Serejski E, trans. 1997. Available at
http://www.webacu.com. Accessibility verified July 22, 2001.
10. Zhu Z-X. Research advances in the electrical specificity of meridians and acupuncture points. Am J Acupuncture. 1981;9.
11. Dumitrescu IF. Contribution to the Electro-Physiology of the Active Points, Intíl Acupuncture conference, Bucharest, Romania, 1977, as quoted in article Research advances in the electrical specificity of meridians and acupuncture points. Am J Acupuncture. 1981;9.
12. Ionescu-Tirgoviste, Pruna. The acu-point potential, electroreception and bio-electrical homeostasis of the human body. Am J Acupuncture. 1990;18.
13. Nordenstrom B. An electrophysiological view of acupuncture: role of capacitive and closed circuit currents and their clinical effects in the treatment of cancer and chronic pain. Am J Acupuncture. 1989;17.
14. Manaka Y, Itaya K, Birch S. Chasing the Dragon's Tail. Brookline, Mass: Paradigm Publications; 1994.
15. Ionescu-Tirgoviste. Measurement of acupuncture injury potential by acupunctometry. Am J Acupuncture. 1987;15.
16. Matsumoto K, Birch S. Hara Diagnosis, Reflections on the Sea. Brookline, Mass: Paradigm Publications; 1989.
AUTHOR INFORMATION
Darren Starwynn, OMD, LAc practices in Phoenix, Arizona, and lectures extensively on the subject of electroacupuncture and electrotherapy. He is an inventor and developer of electrotherapeutic tools.
Darren Starwynn, OMD, Dipl Ac (NCCA)
3810 East Desert Cove Avenue
Phoenix, AZ 85028
Phone: 602-494-5626
Fax: 602-953-3341
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აგერ კიდე "მსურველტათვის"...ელექტროაკუპუნქტურის უცხოური უჩებნიკებიიიი...
http://www.acupunctureproducts.com/elctroa...ture_books.html This post has been edited by Stalker2005 on 12 Mar 2010, 20:13
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პულსი და მისი კომპიუტერული ანალიზის მეთოდები, ჩინური პულსოდიაგნოსტიკა,ვარიაციული პულსომეტრია...
