ფიცი მწამს ბოლო მაოცებს
designations.[1]
As of September 2018, mass production of 7 nm devices has begun.[2] The first mainstream 7 nm mobile processor intended for mass market use, the Apple A12 Bionic, was released at their September 2018 event.[3] Although Huawei announced its own 7 nm processor before the Apple A12 Bionic, the Kirin 980 on August 31, 2018, the Apple A12 Bionic was released for public, mass market use to consumers before the Kirin 980. Both chips are manufactured by TSMC.[4] AMD is currently working on their "Rome" workstation processors, which are based on the 7 nanometer node and feature up to 64 cores.
Contents
1 History
1.1 Technology demos
1.2 Expected commercialization and technologies
2 7 nm patterning difficulties
2.1 Pitch splitting
2.2 Spacer patterning
2.3 EUV lithography
2.4 Comparison with previous nodes
2.5 Cycle time: immersion vs. EUV
3 7 nm process nodes
4 7 nm process offerings
5 References
History
Technology demos
In July 2015, IBM announced that they had built the first functi0nal transistors with 7 nm technology, using a silicon-germanium process.[5][6]
By early 2017, TSMC had produced 256 Mbit SRAM cells at their 7 nm process with a cell area of 0.027 mm2 (550 F2) with reasonable risk production yields.[7]
Expected commercialization and technologies
In April 2016, TSMC announced that 7 nm trial production would begin in the first half of 2017.[8] In March 2017, TSMC announced 7 nm with EUV (N7FF+) risk production starting by June 2018.[9] TSMC's 7 nm production plans, as of early 2017, were to use DUV immersion lithography initially on this process node (N7FF) , and transition from risk to commercial volume manufacturing from Q2 2017 to Q2 2018. Also, their later generation 7 nm (N7FF+) production is planned to use EUV multiple patterning and to have an estimated transition from risk to volume manufacturing between 2018 and 2019.[10]
In September 2016, GlobalFoundries announced trial production in the second half of 2017 and risk production in early 2018, with test chips already running.[11]
In February 2017, Intel announced Fab 42 in Chandler, Arizona will produce microprocessors using 7 nm manufacturing process.[12] The company has not published any expected values for feature lengths at this process node.
In April 2018, TSMC announced volume production of 7 nm chips. In June 2018, the company announced mass production ramp up.[2]
In May 2018, Samsung announced production of 7 nm chips this year. ASML Holding NV is their main supplier of EUV lithography machines.[13]
In June 2018, AMD announced 7 nm Radeon Instinct GPUs launching in the second half of 2018.[14] In August 2018, the company has confirmed the release of the GPUs.[15]
In August 2018, GlobalFoundries announced it was stopping development of 7 nm chips citing cost.[16]
On September 12, 2018, Apple announced their A12 Bionic chip used in iPhone XS and iPhone XR built using a 7 nm process. The A12 processor became the first 7 nm chip intended for mass market use.[17][18]
On October 30, 2018, Apple announced their A12X Bionic chip used in iPad Pro built using a 7 nm process, similar to the standard A12 chip.[19]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_nanometer 
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