Here are all the anthems of the former Soviet Union and Republics performed by orchestras and conductors in those republics. These are the last official versions used in the period from ca.1977 till the breakup of the Soviet Union.
National Anthems of the USSR and Union Republics1 National Anthem of the USSR
(music by Alexander Alexandrov, words by Sergey Mikhalkov and Gabriel El-Registan)
Choir and orchestra of Bolshoi Theatre
Conductor Yuri Simonov
2 National Anthem of the Ukrainian SSR
(music by the group of authors under the direction of Anton Lebedinets, words by Pavlo Tychina and Mykola Bazhan)
Choir and orchestra of Shevchenko State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre
Conductor S. Turchak
3 National Anthem of the Belorussian SSR
(music by Nester Sakalouski, words by Mikhas Klimkovich)
Choir and orchestra of Belorussian TV and Radio
Conductor B. Raisky
4 National Anthem of the Uzbek SSR
(music by Mutal Burkhanov, words by M. Fattakh and T. Tula)
Choir of Uzbek TV and Radio, State Symphony Orchestra of Uzbekistan
Conductor Z. Khaknazarov
5 National Anthem of the Kazakh SSR
(music by Mukan Tulebayev, Eugeny Brusilovsky and Latif Khamidi, words by A. Tazhibaev, Kh. Mukhamedzhanov and G. Musrepov)
State Choir Chapel of Kazakh SSR, Kazakh Symphony Orchestra
Conductor T. Abrashev
6 National Anthem of the Georgian SSR
(music by Otar Taktakishvili, words by G. Abashidze)
State Choir Chapel and State Symphony Orchestra of Georgia
Conductor A. Mamazashvili
7 National Anthem of the Azerbaijan SSR
(music by Uzeyir Hajibeyov, words by Samad Vurghun and Suleyman Rustam)
State Choir Chapel and State Symphony Orchestra of Azerbaijan
Conductor R. Abdullaev
8 National Anthem of the Lithuanian SSR
(music by Balys Dvarionas and Jonas Svedas, words by Antanas Venclova, new version of lyrics by Vacys Reimeris)
Kaunas State Choir, Symphony Orchestra of State Philharmony of Lithuanian SSR
Conductor Yu. Domarkas
9 National Anthem of the Moldavian SSR
(music by Stephan Nyaga and E. Lazarev, words by Emilian Bukov and Bogdan Istru)
Academic Choir Chapel “Doina”, Choir of Moldavian SSR TV and Radio, Symphony Orchestra of Moldavian State Philharmony
Conductor D. Goia
10 National Anthem of the Latvian SSR
(music by Anatoly Lepin, words by Fricis Rokpelnis and Julijs Vanags)
Kalnyn Choir, State Symphony Orchestra of Latvian SSR
Conductor V. Sinaisky
11 National Anthem of the Kirghiz SSR
(music by Vladimir Vlasov, Abdylas Maldybaev and Vladimir Fere, words by K. Malikov, S. Sadykbekov, M. Toktobaev and Aaly Tokombaev)
Choir and orchestra of Kirghiz TV and Radio
Conductor A. Jumakhmatov
12 National Anthem of the Tajik SSR
(music by Suleiman Yudakov, words by Abulkasim Lakhuti)
Choir of Aini Opera and Ballet Theatre, State Symphony Orchestra of USSR Ministry of Culture
Conductor I. Abdullaev
13 National Anthem of the Armenian SSR
(music by Aram Khachaturian, words by Sarmen)
State Academic Chapel of Armenia, Symphony Orchestra of TV and Radio of Armenia
Conductor O. Chekijian
14 National Anthem of the Turkmen SSR
(music by Veli Mukhatov, words by Aman Kekilov)
Choir of Turkmen TV and Radio, Orchestra of All-Union Radio
Conductor F. Mansurov
15 National Anthem of the Estonian SSR
(music by Gustav Ernesaks, words by Johannes Semper)
Mixed choir of Estonian TV and Radio, State Symphony Orchestra of Estonian SSR
Conductor K. Raudsepp
Anthems from a vanished countryIn the former Soviet Union, each of the 14 "Union Republics" (with the exception of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic) had its own "national anthem." This collection--by Soviet-era orchestras and choirs--is the only one of its kind. All of the former SSRs (Soviet Socialist Republics) are represented, along with the famous USSR anthem which was banished for a time under Boris Yeltsin but now (with new lyrics) lives again as the anthem of the Russian Federation.
The music represents the ethnic and cultural diversity of the Soviet Empire: the heroic melodies and broad harmonies of the USSR and Ukrainian anthems reflect the expansive gestures of Orthodox church music; the Georgian anthem draws from the dissonant harmonies of Georgian sacred and folk music; the Armenian anthem, by the famous Soviet-Armenian composer Khatchaturian, has the Middle Eastern feeling of the Armenian folk idiom.
The lyrics--which unfortunately are not translated--are typically bombastic. Verses expressing fealty to the "Party of Lenin" and praising the inspiring example of the "Great October" are normative. The word "glorious" appears to be inescapable. If you want a feeling for this style, check out the translations of the old USSR anthem available on the web.
Apart from their origins in different folk idioms, the musical styles tend to range from militant (Armenia and Azerbaijan) to sentimentally lyrical (Latvia and Lithuania). The Latvian anthem, in fact, is unique in this collection because it is the only one in which (without knowing the words) it is difficult to imagine that you are striding confidentially into the future in unity with the Party of Lenin following the heroic example of the Great October. Instead, the melody seems to evoke the quiet villages, rolling hills and gentle beaches of this small Baltic country. In contrast, the anthems of the Soviet Central Asian Republics are close in musical spirit to the score of any of Cecil B. DeMille's blockbuster Hollywood costume dramas. One can visualize hordes of heroic Kyrgyz, Uzbek or Turkmen horsemen sweeping across the dusty plains of Asia ... all in the name of socialism, of course.
Each of these anthems suffered a different fate after the USSR disappeared from history. The countries with the strongest national traditions (the Baltic states and Ukraine, for instance) restored older pre-Soviet anthems. Other republics retained the Soviet-era melody but wrote new lyrics. That was true especially of republics where the old Soviet nomenklatura still hold power: Belarus and Kazakhstan, for instance. Sadly, Armenia got rid of Khatchaturian's stirring composition: the music was, perhaps, too militant--and too confident of a glorious future--for a postmodern world.
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